Kreditinstitut is colloquially usually called bank or banking house. Depending upon type it concerns itself with the granting of credit, the administration of savings deposits, the trade with securities, or in case of a Universalbank with everything together. , One calls the whole of all credit institutes as well as the legal regulations in addition banking.

History

One assumes the earliest forerunners of the modern bank nature in Mesopotamien. There one probably already knew v. Chr starting from the second century. the accounting as shown by the books of demands, the accounting method for inserts as well as loans, cheques and changes.

As one of the first note banks the bank of Amsterdam functioned in the year 1609.

Banks became necessary in a arbeitsteiligen national economy, since the achievements of the restaurant subjects under inserting of money one exchanged. The mediators of these money stream are the credit institutes. Further they provide for reconciliation between investment of funds desires and credit needs.

Credit institutes are subject due to their special meaning in the business circle as a rule to a set of national and international and supervision-legal laws (e.g. in the case of the occupation of the management, with the balance etc.) and are subordinate as a rule besides the supervision of a particularly responsible authority. Therefore also special requirements apply to it.

Functions of banks

• Confidence function (also: Risk transformation): The depositor trusts in the care and the expertise of the credit institute with the granting of credit, also regarding the Risikostreuung

• Concentration function (also: Lot size transformation): Banks create a reconciliation between the offer of many relatively small inserts and the demand for large credits

• Time extension function (also: Period transformation): The strict interpretation of the golden bank rule does not apply today any longer without reservation, since a certain percentage of short term inserts can be lent also on a long-term basis (sediment)

• Distribution function: Credit institutes are broker (mediator) between investors and credit-looking for

Legal bases

In Germany the credit system law is legal basis for credit institutes. In Austria, which took over the German regulations for the time being after end of the Second World War, a modified, Austria-specific credit system law starting from 1979, which 1986 were again changed by means of law novella, applied, and 1994 were completely replaced by the new banking law.

A characteristic of Switzerland, whatever applies partly still to Austria, is the banking secrecy.

Assumptions

An important characteristic number during the evaluation of the purchase price with the assumption of banks is the book value multiplicator. This indicates, how high the purchase price is in relation to the book value. In principle, the more prospective customer it applies with a concrete bank assumption gives, the more highly is the book value multiplicator, since after the economical Basic Law of supply and demand large demand drives the price up.

See also

• Credit institutes in Germany

Literature

• Hitting a corner hard change: Banks and insurance in 19. and 20. Century. Oldenbourg, Munich 1998
• Alexander Scheike: "“Legal conditions for the material privatisation of local savings banks. An investigation with special consideration of the legal form of the registered cooperative"”, long Frankfurt 2004, ISBN 3631524706

Related links

• Bank mergers, the Website
• The 25 largest banks of the world by 31.12.2003

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